What it is
Many forged parts start as a long bar where only one end is going to be worked. A hammer head, a bolt, a hoe blade, a spanner end. Heating the whole bar to forge one end of it wastes most of the energy and makes the bar impossible to handle.
End heating puts a coil around just the end of the bar. Only that region reaches forging temperature. The rest of the bar stays cool enough to hold, which means the operator or the manipulator can handle it directly.
The same idea applied along the length gives double end heating, where both ends of a bar are heated simultaneously, and partial heating, where a band somewhere along the bar is brought up for bending or upsetting.
Why induction
Only the worked region is heated, so the energy per part is a fraction of what full-bar heating costs.
The cold end is the handle. No tongs, no manipulator needed for short work.
The heated length is set by the coil, so it is the same on every bar.
Short time at temperature means far less scale on the surface that is about to become the finished part.